swamp verbena growing in a field |Spotswood Greenery

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Swamp Verbena
Swamp Verbena
Swamp Verbena

Verbena hastata

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Pairs well with

Blue vervain sends up candelabras of slender flower spikes in midsummer, each one opening a ring of small violet-purple flowers that moves slowly up the spike over weeks. Verbena hastata is a native perennial growing 2 to 5 feet tall and 1 to 3 feet wide in full sun, hardy from Zone 3 through Zone 9.

Butterflies and bees come to the flowers in numbers through the long bloom, and it is a nectar source at a point in summer when a lot of things have finished. Songbirds take the seed in fall.

The stems are square and stiff, and the whole plant stands upright without staking even at five feet.

Blue vervain grows wild in wet meadows, ditches, and along stream edges, so it takes wet ground and wants consistent moisture. It struggles in a dry bed. It self-sows freely, which suits a rain garden, a meadow, or a naturalized planting rather than a formal bed. Deer leave it alone.

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Size at Maturity

Height 2'- 5' Spread 1'- 3'

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Growing Zone

USDA Hardiness Zones 3-9

Lowest Temperatures -40°F to -30°F

Light Requirements

Full sun - more than 6 hours of direct sun per day

Wildlife Benefits

  • Supports Bees
  • Attracts Hummingbirds
  • Attracts Butterflies

Native Range

Native to all 48 contiguous US states

Special Conditions

  • Deer Resistant

Seasons of Interest

  • Summer
  • Fall

Planting and Care Guide

Planting Tips

Plant in spring or fall in moist to wet soil in full sun to partial shade, spacing 18–24 inches apart. Swamp verbena (Verbena hastata) is a native plant that thrives in wet conditions near ponds, streams, and rain gardens. No soil amendment is needed. Water well after planting. It establishes readily in appropriate moist conditions and spreads by self-seeding to naturalize over time.

Care Tips

Very little maintenance is required once established in an appropriate moist site. Deadhead spent flower spikes if desired to reduce self-seeding, or allow to naturalize. Cut back to the ground in late fall or early spring. No fertilizing needed. The slender, purple flower spikes provide excellent late-season nectar for butterflies and bees. An outstanding native plant for rain gardens, pond edges, and moist naturalistic plantings.

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